Nicr Fa'avae 'apamemea lapotopotoAloi 180tikeri Vasega Insulated Enameled Copper Wire
1.Material Fa'amatalaga Lautele
1)
Manganino se fa'afefiloi e masani ona 84% kopa, 12% manganese, ma le 4% nickel.
O le uaea Manganin ma le pepa pepa e faʻaaogaina i le gaosiga o mea faʻafefe, aemaise lava le ammeter shunt, ona o le toetoe lava a leai se fua o le vevela o le tetee ma le tumau umi. O le tele o Manganin resistors na avea ma tulaga faʻaletulafono mo le ohm i le Iunaite Setete mai le 1901 i le 1990. O le uaea Manganin e faʻaaogaina foi e avea o se eletise eletise i faiga cryogenic, faʻaitiitia ai le vevela i le va o mea e manaʻomia ai fesoʻotaʻiga eletise.
O lo'o fa'aogaina fo'i le Manganin i fua fa'atatau mo su'esu'ega o galu fa'ate'ia maualuga (pei o galu e fa'atupu mai le pa'u o mea pāpā) ona e maualalo le ma'ale'ale a'o le maualuga o le mamafa o le hydrostatic.
2)
Constantano se apamemea-nickel alloy ua lauiloa foi oEureka, Agai i luma, maVaa. E masani ona aofia ai le 55% kopa ma le 45% nickel. O lona uiga autu o lona resistivity, lea e tumau i luga o le lautele o le vevela. O isi u'amea e tutusa le maualalo o le vevela e iloa, e pei o le manganin (Cu86Mn12Ni2).
Mo le fuaina o galu tetele, 5% (50 000 microstrian) poʻo luga, faʻamaumau faʻamau (P alloy) o le mea faʻapipiʻi e masani ona filifilia. Constantan i lenei faiga e matua ductile; ma, i fua o le umi o le 0.125 inisi (3.2 mm) ma le umi, e mafai ona faʻamalosi i> 20%. Ae ui i lea, e tatau ona manatua, i lalo o faʻalavelave faʻataʻamilomilo maualuga o le a faʻaalia e le P alloy se suiga tumau o le tetee i taʻamilosaga taʻitasi, ma mafua ai se suiga tutusa i le fua faʻatatau. Ona o lenei uiga, ma le fa'alavelave mo le vave fa'aletonu o feso'ota'iga fa'atasi ma le fa'amalosi faifaipea, e le masani ona fautuaina le u'amea P mo le fa'aogaina o fa'alavelave fa'ata'amilo. O lo'o maua le u'amea P ma numera STC o le 08 ma le 40 mo le fa'aoga i u'amea ma palasitika.
2. Enamelled Wire Folasaga ma fa'aoga
E ui lava ina fa'amatalaina o le “enameled”, ae o le mea moni, e le'o fa'apipi'iina i se vaega o le vali fa'ama'i po'o se fa'aigoa vitreous e faia i le pauta tioata fa'afefiloi. O le uaea maneta fa'aonaponei e masani ona fa'aogaina le tasi i le fa laulau (i le tulaga o le quad-film type wire) o le polymer film insulation, e masani ona lua fatuga eseese, e maua ai se maaa, fa'aauau pea le fa'alava. Fa'aaoga ata tifaga fa'agata uaea maneta (i le fa'atuputeleina o le maualuga o le vevela) polyvinyl formal (Formar), polyurethane, polyimide, polyamide, polyster, polyester-polyimide, polyamide-polyimide (po'o le amide-imide), ma le polyimide. Polyimide insulated maneta uaea e mafai ona faagaoioia i luga o le 250 °C. O le insulation o le sikuea mafiafia poʻo le rectangular maneta uaea e masani ona faʻateleina e ala i le afifiina i se polyimide maualuga-vevela po o fiberglass lipine, ma faʻamaeʻaina windings e masani ona mama impregnated ma se insulating varnish e faaleleia insulation malosi ma le faatuatuaina umi o le vili.
E fa'amanu'a ili fa'aola i le uaea e ufiufi a itiiti ifo ma le lua ni apa, o le pito pito i fafo o se fa'avelavela e fa'apipi'i fa'atasi ai pi'i pe a vevela.
O isi ituaiga o faʻamaʻi e pei o le fiberglass yarn ma varnish, pepa aramid, pepa kraft, mika, ma le polyester film e faʻaaogaina lautele i le lalolagi atoa mo faʻaoga eseese e pei o transformers ma reactors. I le vaega o le leo, o se uaea fau siliva, ma isi insulators eseese, e pei o le cotton (o nisi taimi e sosolo i se ituaiga o coagulating agent / mafiafia, e pei o le beeswax) ma polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) e mafai ona maua. O mea fa'amalama tuai e aofia ai le cotton, pepa, po'o le silika, ae o nei mea e aoga mo le maualalo o le vevela (e o'o i le 105°C).
Mo le faafaigofieina o le gaosiga, o nisi uaea maneta maualalo-vevela-vaavaaia e mafai ona aveesea e le vevela o soldering. O lona uiga o feso'ota'iga eletise i pito e mafai ona faia e aunoa ma le aveese muamua o le insulation.
3.Chemical Composition ma Meatotino Autu o Cu-Ni Low Resistance Alloy
Properties Grade | CuNi1 | CuNi2 | CuNi6 | CuNi8 | CuMn3 | CuNi10 | |
Fua'upu Autu Vailaau | Ni | 1 | 2 | 6 | 8 | _ | 10 |
Mn | _ | _ | _ | _ | 3 | _ | |
Cu | Bal | Bal | Bal | Bal | Bal | Bal | |
Mata'utia Au'aunaga Fa'aauau (oC) | 200 | 200 | 200 | 250 | 200 | 250 | |
Tete'e ile 20oC (Ωmm2/m) | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.15 | |
Malosi (g/cm3) | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.8 | 8.9 | |
Amioga vevela(α×10-6/oC) | <100 | <120 | <60 | <57 | <38 | <50 | |
Malosi (Mpa) | ≥210 | ≥220 | ≥250 | ≥270 | ≥290 | ≥290 | |
EMF vs Cu(μV/oC)(0~100oC) | -8 | -12 | -12 | -22 | _ | -25 | |
Fa'atatau ole Li'u (oC) | 1085 | 1090 | 1095 | 1097 | 1050 | 1100 | |
Fa'asologa o Micrographic | austenite | austenite | austenite | austenite | austenite | austenite | |
Meatotino maneta | leai | leai | leai | leai | leai | leai | |
Properties Grade | CuNi14 | CuNi19 | CuNi23 | CuNi30 | CuNi34 | CuNi44 | |
Fua'upu Autu Vailaau | Ni | 14 | 19 | 23 | 30 | 34 | 44 |
Mn | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
Cu | Bal | Bal | Bal | Bal | Bal | Bal | |
Mata'utia Au'aunaga Fa'aauau (oC) | 300 | 300 | 300 | 350 | 350 | 400 | |
Tete'e ile 20oC (Ωmm2/m) | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.30 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.49 | |
Malosi (g/cm3) | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.9 | |
Amioga vevela(α×10-6/oC) | <30 | <25 | <16 | <10 | <0 | <-6 | |
Malosi (Mpa) | ≥310 | ≥340 | ≥350 | ≥400 | ≥400 | ≥420 | |
EMF vs Cu(μV/oC)(0~100oC) | -28 | -32 | -34 | -37 | -39 | -43 | |
Fa'atatau ole Li'u (oC) | 1115 | 1135 | 1150 | 1170 | 1180 | 1280 | |
Fa'asologa o Micrographic | austenite | austenite | austenite | austenite | austenite | austenite | |
Meatotino maneta | leai | leai | leai | leai | leai | leai |